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A virtual machine is a software implementation of a computer. The oVirt environment enables you to create virtual desktops and virtual servers.
Virtual machines consolidate computing tasks and workloads. In traditional computing environments, workloads usually run on individually administered and upgraded servers. Virtual machines reduce the amount of hardware and administration required to run the same computing tasks and workloads.
However, the user interface differs between each portal, and some administrative tasks require access to the Administration Portal. Tasks that can only be performed in the Administration Portal will be described as such in this book. Which portal you use, and which tasks you can perform in each portal, is determined by your level of permissions. Virtual machine permissions are explained in Virtual Machines and Permissions.
For information on customizing the operating systems, see Configuring operating systems with osinfo. For information on the parameters that oVirt virtual machines can support, see Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits and Virtualization limits for oVirt. A console is a graphical window that allows you to view the start up screen, shut down screen, and desktop of a virtual machine, and to interact with that virtual machine in a similar way to a physical machine. In oVirt, the default application for opening a console to a virtual machine is Remote Viewer, which must be installed on the client machine prior to use.
The Remote Viewer application provides users with a graphical console for connecting to virtual machines. Once installed, it is called automatically when attempting to open a SPICE session with a virtual machine. Alternatively, it can also be used as a standalone application. Remote Viewer is included in the virt-viewer package provided by the base Enterprise Linux Workstation and Enterprise Linux Server repositories. Open a web browser and download one of the following installers according to the architecture of your system.
Installing usbdk requires Administrator privileges. Note that the previously supported USB Clerk option has been deprecated and is no longer supported. Create a virtual machine. You must add a virtual disk for storage, and a network interface to connect the virtual machine to the network.
Start the virtual machine and install an operating system. Enable the required repositories for your operating system. Install guest agents and drivers for additional virtual machine functionality. When creating a new virtual machine, you specify its settings. You can edit some of these settings later, including the chipset and BIOS type.
Click Compute Virtual Machines. See Configuring Ignition. Add storage to the virtual machine: under Instance Images , click Attach or Create to select or create a virtual disk.
You can accept the default settings for all other fields, or change them if required. Connect the virtual machine to the network. Add a network interface by selecting a vNIC profile from the nic1 drop-down list at the bottom of the General tab. In the Boot Options tab, choose the First Device that the virtual machine will use to boot. The new virtual machine is created and displays in the list of virtual machines with a status of Down. Ignition is the utility that is used by Enterprise Linux CoreOS to manipulate disks during initial configuration.
It completes common disk tasks, including partitioning disks, formatting partitions, writing files, and configuring users. On first boot, Ignition reads its configuration from the installation media or the location that you specify and applies the configuration to the machines.
Once Ignition has been configured as the initialization method, it cannot be reversed or re-configured. In the Initial Run tab, select the Ignition 2. Expand the Authorization option, enter a hashed SHA password, and enter the password again to verify. This script will run on the virtual machine when it starts. The scripts you enter in this field are custom JSON sections that are added to those produced by the Engine, and allow you to use custom Ignition instructions.
When you use an Ignition script, the script instructions take precedence over and override any conflicting Ignition settings you configured in the UI. Click Compute Virtual Machines and select a virtual machine with a status of Down. The Status of the virtual machine changes to Up , and the operating system installation begins.
Open a console to the virtual machine if one does not open automatically. A virtual machine will not start on a host with an overloaded CPU. See Scheduling Policies in the Administration Guide for more information.
Make sure that hard disk is selected in the boot sequence, and the disk that the virtual machine is booting from must be set as Bootable.
Create a new virtual machine with a local boot disk managed by oVirt that contains the OS and application binaries. To resolve this issue:. To allow other users to connect to the VM, make sure you shutdown and restart the virtual machine when you are finished using the console.
Alternatively, the administrator can Disable strict user checking to eliminate the need for reboot between users. Install Remote Viewer if it is not already installed.
See Installing Console Components. Click Compute Virtual Machines and select a virtual machine. Click Console. By default, the browser prompts you to download a file named console.
When you click to open the file, a console window opens for the virtual machine. You can configure your browser to automatically open these files, such that clicking Console simply opens the console. If more than seconds elapse between the time the file is downloaded and the time that you open the file, click Console again. Automatically connecting to a Virtual Machine. The Engine acts as a proxy for the connection, provides information about virtual machine placement, and stores the authentication keys.
You can access serial consoles for only those virtual machines for which you have appropriate permissions. To access the serial console of a virtual machine, the user must have UserVmManager , SuperUser , or UserInstanceManager permission on that virtual machine. These permissions must be explicitly defined for each user. It is not enough to assign these permissions to Everyone.
The serial console is accessed through TCP port on the Engine. This port is opened during engine-setup on new installations. Rule "M3" for the Engine firewall. Rule "H2" for the host firewall.
The serial console relies on the ovirt-vmconsole package and the ovirt-vmconsole-proxy on the Engine and the ovirt-vmconsole package and the ovirt-vmconsole-host package on the hosts. These packages are installed by default on new installations. To install the packages on existing installations, reinstall the hosts. Do not duplicate them. On the client machine from which you are accessing the virtual machine serial console, generate an SSH key pair.
In the Administration Portal or the VM Portal, click the name of the signed-in user on the header bar and click Options. This opens the Edit Options window. If a single virtual machine is available, this command connects the user to that virtual machine:.
If more than one virtual machine is available, this command lists the available virtual machines and their IDs:. If the serial console session is disconnected abnormally, a TCP timeout occurs.
Once you have logged in, you can automatically connect to a single running virtual machine. This can be configured in the VM Portal.
Click the pencil icon beside Console and set Connect automatically to ON. The next time you log into the VM Portal, if you have only one running virtual machine, you will automatically connect to that machine. To install packages signed by Red Hat you must register the target system to the Content Delivery Network. Then, use an entitlement from your subscription pool and enable the required repositories. Register your system with the Content Delivery Network, entering your Customer Portal user name and password when prompted:.
When a system is attached to a subscription pool with multiple repositories, only the main repository is enabled by default. Others are available, but disabled. Enable any additional repositories:. For versions of Enterprise Linux earlier than 8, use the command yum update instead of dnf upgrade :. See also Cannot perform yum update on my RHV manager ansible conflict. The oVirt guest agents, tools, and drivers provide additional functionality for virtual machines, such as gracefully shutting down or rebooting virtual machines from the VM Portal and Administration Portal.
The tools and agents also provide information for virtual machines, including:. The guest agents, tools and drivers are distributed as an ISO file that you can attach to virtual machines. You need to install the guest agents and drivers on a virtual machine to enable this functionality for that machine.
Paravirtualized network driver provides enhanced performance over emulated devices like rtl.
